前言

DG GAP 顧名思義就是：DG 不同步，當備庫不能接受到一個或多個主庫的歸檔日志文件時候，就發生了 GAP。

那么，如果遇到GAP如何修復呢？且聽我細細道來~

一、介紹

DG GAP 主要分為以下兩類情況：

“

1、主庫歸檔日志存在，可以通過配置 Fetch Archive Log(FAL) 參數，自動解決歸檔 GAP。2、主庫歸檔日志丟失，需要 人工干預
來修復。

”

不同 Oracle 版本的 GAP 修復方式也不盡相同，下面分別介紹不同版本的方式！

11G 的處理步驟：

“

a.在主庫上創建一個備庫的控制文件?

b.以備庫的當前SCN號為起點，在主庫上做一個增量備份?

c.將增量備份拷貝到備庫上?

d.使用新的控制文件將備庫啟動到mount狀態?

e.將增量備份注冊到RMAN的catalog，取消備庫的恢復應用，恢復增量備份?

f.開啟備庫的恢復進程

”

12C 的新特性（RECOVER … FROM SERVICE）

18C 的新特性（RECOVER STANDBY DATABASE FROM SERVICE）

Oracle隨著版本的升級，逐漸將步驟縮減，進行封裝，18C之后可謂是達到了所謂的一鍵刷新，恢復DG同步。

二、實戰

下面我們通過實驗來進行演示如何修復：

• 11G常規修復
• 12C新特性（RECOVER … FROM SERVICE）修復
• 18C新特性（RECOVER STANDBY DATABASE FROM SERVICE）修復

三、11G常規修復

首先，模擬備庫斷電，主庫切幾個最新的歸檔，然后手工刪掉，重新開啟DG同步。

備庫停止DG同步進程：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
ALTER?DATABASE?RECOVER?MANAGED?STANDBY?DATABASE?CANCEL;
shutdown?immediate

主庫切換多次歸檔：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?system?switch?logfile;

主庫刪除最近幾個歸檔日志：

rm?1_34_1070147137.arc?
rm?1_33_1070147137.arc

備庫開啟同步進程：

startup
ALTER?DATABASE?RECOVER?MANAGED?STANDBY?DATABASE?USING?CURRENT?LOGFILE?DISCONNECT?FROM?SESSION;

查看GAP：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
SELECT?*?FROM?V$ARCHIVE_GAP;
THREAD#????LOW_SEQUENCE#?HIGH_SEQUENCE#
----------?-------------?--------------
?1?????32?????34

SELECT?max(sequence#)?from?v$archived_log?where?applied='YES';
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
31

?? 注意： 當前DG數據庫已存在GAP，GAP日志為：32---34。

a.在主庫上創建一個備庫的控制文件

alter?database?create?standby?controlfile?as?'/tmp/standby.ctl';

b.以備庫的當前SCN號為起點，在主庫上做一個增量備份

備庫查詢當前 scn 號：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
select??to_char(current_scn)?from?v$database;
TO_CHAR(CURRENT_SCN)
----------------------------------------
1086639

確認主備GAP期間是否新增數據文件：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
select?file#?from?v$datafile?where?creation_change#?>?=1086639;

主庫根據備庫scn號進行增量備份：

rman?target?/
run{
allocate?channel?c1?type?disk;
allocate?channel?c2?type?disk;
backup?INCREMENTAL?from?scn?1086639?database?format?'/tmp/incre_%U';
release?channel?c1;
release?channel?c2;
}

?? 注意： 如果存在新增數據文件，備庫恢復時需要先restore新添加的數據文件。

c.將增量備份和控制文件拷貝到備庫上

主庫拷貝增量備份和控制文件你至備庫：

scp?incre_0*?oracle@orcl_stby:/home/oracle
scp?standby.ctl?oracle@orcl_stby:/home/oracle

?? 注意： 確認備庫的磁盤空間是否足夠存放。

d.使用新的控制文件將備庫啟動到mount狀態

備庫關閉數據庫實例，開啟至nomount狀態：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
shutdown?immediate
startup?nomount

備庫恢復新的控制文件：

rman?target?/
restore?controlfile?from?'/home/oracle/standby.ctl';

備庫開啟到mount狀態：

alter?database?mount;

e.增量備份注冊到RMAN的catalog，取消日志應用，恢復增量備份

確認備庫已關閉DG同步進程：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
ALTER?DATABASE?RECOVER?MANAGED?STANDBY?DATABASE?CANCEL;

備庫rman注冊增量備份文件：

rman?target?/
catalog?start?with?'/home/oracle/';
YES

備庫開啟恢復增量備份：

recover?database?noredo;

f.開啟備庫的恢復進程

備庫開啟日志同步進程：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?database?open?read?only;
ALTER?DATABASE?RECOVER?MANAGED?STANDBY?DATABASE?USING?CURRENT?LOGFILE?DISCONNECT?FROM?SESSION;

主庫重新激活同步：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
ALTER?SYSTEM?SET?LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=defer;
ALTER?SYSTEM?SET?LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=enable;

查詢是否存在GAP，確認主備是否同步：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
SELECT?*?FROM?V$ARCHIVE_GAP;
SELECT?max(sequence#)?from?v$archived_log?where?applied='YES';
SELECT?PROCESS,?STATUS,?THREAD#,?SEQUENCE#,?BLOCK#,?BLOCKS?FROM?V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

至此，DG GAP已被修復，以上方式為常規修復方式，各個版本都通用。

四、12C新特性修復

首先，模擬備庫斷電，主庫切幾個最新的歸檔，然后手工刪掉，重新開啟DG同步。

模擬GAP期間，有數據文件添加的情況：

##主庫添加數據文件
alter?tablespace?TEST?add?datafile?'/oradata/ORCL/test02.dbf'?size?100M?autoextend?off;

?? 注意： 當前DG數據庫已存在GAP，GAP日志為：30---31 。

a.記錄備庫當前SCN號

備庫記錄當前 scn 號：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
SELECT?CURRENT_SCN?FROM?V$DATABASE;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
2600487

b.使用recover standby using service恢復

采用rman的新功能，recover standby using service
，通過RMAN連接到target備庫，然后用主庫的service執行恢復備庫命令。

語法：

“

RECOVER DATABASE FROM SERVICE < PRIMARY DB SERVICE NAME > NOREDO USING COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;

”

?? 注意： 確認主庫的TNS已配置，這里的< PRIMARY DB SERVICE NAME >即 TNSNAME。

c.備庫啟動到nomount狀態，恢復控制文件

備庫啟動到nomount狀態：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
shutdown?immediate
startup?nomount

備庫通過from service恢復控制文件：

rman?target?/
restore?standby?controlfile?from?service?orcl;

備庫開啟到mount狀態：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?database?mount;

d.備庫恢復，修復GAP

檢查主備GAP期間是否添加數據文件：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
select?file#?from?v$datafile?where?creation_change#?>?=2600487;

FILE#
----------
13

restore 新添加的數據文件：

rman?target?/
run
{
SET?NEWNAME?FOR?DATABASE?TO?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/%f_%U';
RESTORE?DATAFILE?13?FROM?SERVICE?orcl;
}

由于主備的數據文件目錄不一致，需要修改controlfile中數據文件位置：

rman?target?/
catalog?start?with?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY';
YES
SWITCH?DATABASE?TO?COPY;

將備庫文件管理方式改為手動：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?system?set?standby_file_management=MANUAL;

重命名 tempfile && logfile：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
##logfile
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?1;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?2;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?3;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?4;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?5;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?6;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?7;
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo03.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo02.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo01.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo04.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo04.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo05.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo05.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo06.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo06.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo07.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo07.log';
##tempfile
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/temp01.dbf'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/temp01.dbf';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/temp012021-04-11_06-13-50-844-AM.dbf'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/temp012021-04-11_06-13-50-844-AM.dbf';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/BFA6BEE45A1E3605E053AC01A8C0DD20/datafile/o1_mf_temp_j749f5fy_.dbf'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/BFA6BEE45A1E3605E053AC01A8C0DD20/datafile/o1_mf_temp_j749f5fy_.dbf';

備庫重命名完后再改為自動：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?system?set?standby_file_management=AUTO;

恢復主備GAP：

recover?database?from?service?orcl?noredo?using?compressed?backupset;

?? 注意： 如果主備庫文件目錄不一致，則需要catalog切換控制文件中路徑，否則報錯：

e.開啟備庫日志應用，檢查同步

• 檢查主備scn是否一致

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
col?HXFNM?for?a100
set?line222
select?HXFIL?File_num,substr(HXFNM,1,40)?HXFNM,fhscn?from?x$kcvfh;

• 主庫切幾次歸檔

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
ALTER?SYSTEM?ARCHIVE?LOG?CURRENT;
ALTER?SYSTEM?SWITCH?LOGFILE;

• 開啟備庫應用日志

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?database?open;
alter?pluggable?database?all?open;
ALTER?DATABASE?RECOVER?MANAGED?STANDBY?DATABASE?USING?CURRENT?LOGFILE?DISCONNECT?FROM?SESSION;

• 查看備庫同步是否正常

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
set?line222
col?member?for?a60
select?t1.group#,t1.thread#,t1.bytes/1024/1024,t1.status,t2.member?from?gv$standby_log?t1,gv$logfile?t2?where?t1.group#=t2.group#;

• 主庫插入數據

sqlplus?test/test@pdb01
insert?into?test?values?(999);
commit;

• 備庫查詢是否實時同步

alter?session?set?container=pdb01;
select?*?from?test.test;
ID
----------
1
2
999

至此，GAP已修復完成，可以發現，12C這個新特性，將一些步驟進行了省略和封裝，進一步減少了我們的操作步驟，但是內部的原理仍然是一致的。

五、18C新特性恢復

18C 新特性是在 12C 的基礎上，將 RECOVER STANDBY DATABASE 命令與 FROM SERVICE 子句一起使用，以通過對主數據庫進行的更改來刷新物理備用數據庫。備庫可以直接在開啟狀態進行刷新。

語法：

“

RECOVER STANDBY DATABASE FROM SERVICE primary_db;

”

首先，模擬備庫斷電，主庫切幾個最新的歸檔，然后手工刪掉，重新開啟DG同步。

模擬GAP期間，有數據文件添加的情況：

##主庫添加數據文件
alter?tablespace?TEST?add?datafile?'/oradata/ORCL/test02.dbf'?size?100M?autoextend?off;

?? 注意： 當前 DG 數據庫已存在 GAP，GAP 日志為：69---70。

a、執行RECOVER STANDBY DATABASE FROM SERVICE刷新備庫

下面演示一下，如何使用一行命令在線修復DG GAP：

備庫取消日志應用：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
ALTER?DATABASE?RECOVER?MANAGED?STANDBY?DATABASE?CANCEL;

備庫執行修復命令，開始在線刷新備庫：

rman?target?/
RMAN>?RECOVER?STANDBY?DATABASE?FROM?SERVICE?orcl;

Starting?recover?at?19-APR-21
using?target?database?control?file?instead?of?recovery?catalog
Oracle?instance?started

Total?System?Global?Area3355441944?bytes

Fixed?Size?9141016?bytes
Variable?Size671088640?bytes
Database?Buffers2667577344?bytes
Redo?Buffers???7634944?bytes

contents?of?Memory?Script:
{
???restore?standby?controlfile?from?service??'orcl';
???alter?database?mount?standby?database;
}
executing?Memory?Script

Starting?restore?at?19-APR-21
allocated?channel:?ORA_DISK_1
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?SID=502?device?type=DISK

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?control?file
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:02
output?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/control01.ctl
output?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/control02.ctl
Finished?restore?at?19-APR-21

released?channel:?ORA_DISK_1
Statement?processed
Executing:?alter?system?set?standby_file_management=manual

contents?of?Memory?Script:
{
set?newname?for?tempfile??1?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/temp01.dbf";
set?newname?for?tempfile??2?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/temp012021-04-11_06-13-50-844-AM.dbf";
set?newname?for?tempfile??3?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/BFA6BEE45A1E3605E053AC01A8C0DD20/datafile/o1_mf_temp_j749f5fy_.dbf";
???switch?tempfile?all;
set?newname?for?datafile??1?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/system01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??3?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/sysaux01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??4?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/undotbs01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??5?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/system01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??6?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??7?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/users01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??8?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??9?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_system_j749f5d5_.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??10?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_sysaux_j749f5fw_.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??11?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_undotbs1_j749f5fx_.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??12?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/test01.dbf";
set?newname?for?datafile??14?to?
?"/oradata/ORCL/test02.dbf";
???restore?from?service??'orcl'?datafile
14;
???catalog?datafilecopy??"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/system01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/sysaux01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/undotbs01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/system01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/users01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_system_j749f5d5_.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_sysaux_j749f5fw_.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_undotbs1_j749f5fx_.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL_STBY/test01.dbf",?
?"/oradata/ORCL/test02.dbf";
???switch?datafile?all;
}
executing?Memory?Script

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

renamed?tempfile?1?to?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/temp01.dbf?in?control?file
renamed?tempfile?2?to?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/temp012021-04-11_06-13-50-844-AM.dbf?in?control?file
renamed?tempfile?3?to?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/BFA6BEE45A1E3605E053AC01A8C0DD20/datafile/o1_mf_temp_j749f5fy_.dbf?in?control?file

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

executing?command:?SET?NEWNAME

Starting?restore?at?19-APR-21
allocated?channel:?ORA_DISK_1
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?SID=504?device?type=DISK

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?to?restore?from?backup?set
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00014?to?/oradata/ORCL/test02.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:03
Finished?restore?at?19-APR-21

cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/system01.dbf?RECID=4?STAMP=1070263316
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/sysaux01.dbf?RECID=5?STAMP=1070263317
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/undotbs01.dbf?RECID=6?STAMP=1070263317
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/system01.dbf?RECID=7?STAMP=1070263317
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf?RECID=8?STAMP=1070263318
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/users01.dbf?RECID=9?STAMP=1070263318
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf?RECID=10?STAMP=1070263318
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_system_j749f5d5_.dbf?RECID=11?STAMP=1070263318
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_sysaux_j749f5fw_.dbf?RECID=12?STAMP=1070263318
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_undotbs1_j749f5fx_.dbf?RECID=13?STAMP=1070263318
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/test01.dbf?RECID=14?STAMP=1070263318
cataloged?datafile?copy
datafile?copy?file?name=/oradata/ORCL/test02.dbf?RECID=15?STAMP=1070263318

datafile?14?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=15?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL/test02.dbf
datafile?1?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=4?STAMP=1070263316?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/system01.dbf
datafile?3?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=5?STAMP=1070263317?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/sysaux01.dbf
datafile?4?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=6?STAMP=1070263317?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/undotbs01.dbf
datafile?5?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=7?STAMP=1070263317?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/system01.dbf
datafile?6?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=8?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
datafile?7?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=9?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/users01.dbf
datafile?8?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=10?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
datafile?9?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=11?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_system_j749f5d5_.dbf
datafile?10?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=12?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_sysaux_j749f5fw_.dbf
datafile?11?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=13?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_undotbs1_j749f5fx_.dbf
datafile?12?switched?to?datafile?copy
input?datafile?copy?RECID=14?STAMP=1070263318?file?name=/oradata/ORCL_STBY/test01.dbf
Executing:?alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo01.log'
Executing:?alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo02.log'
Executing:?alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo03.log'

contents?of?Memory?Script:
{
??recover?database?from?service??'orcl';
}
executing?Memory?Script

Starting?recover?at?19-APR-21
using?channel?ORA_DISK_1
skipping?datafile?5;?already?restored?to?SCN?2155383
skipping?datafile?6;?already?restored?to?SCN?2155383
skipping?datafile?8;?already?restored?to?SCN?2155383
skipping?datafile?14;?already?restored?to?SCN?2658548
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00001:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/system01.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00003:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/sysaux01.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00004:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/undotbs01.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00007:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/users01.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00009:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_system_j749f5d5_.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00010:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_sysaux_j749f5fw_.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00011:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/PDB01/o1_mf_undotbs1_j749f5fx_.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:02
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?using?network?backup?set?from?service?orcl
destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00012:?/oradata/ORCL_STBY/test01.dbf
channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

starting?media?recovery

media?recovery?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:00
Finished?recover?at?19-APR-21
Executing:?alter?system?set?standby_file_management=auto
Finished?recover?at?19-APR-21

方便大家查看，于是記錄恢復全過程，通過以上執行過程，可以看到：

• RECOVER STANDBY DATABASE命令重新啟動備用實例。
• 從主數據庫刷新控制文件，并自動重命名數據文件，臨時文件和聯機日志。
• 它可以還原添加到主數據庫中的新數據文件，并還原到當前時間的備用數據庫。

b.備庫修改standby log路徑

發現刷新過后，備庫redo log路徑已修改，standby log路徑未修改，因此手動修改。

查詢備庫的日志文件路徑：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
SQL>?select?member?from?v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo03.log
/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo02.log
/oradata/ORCL_STBY/redo01.log
/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo04.log
/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo05.log
/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo06.log
/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo07.log

關閉備庫文件自動管理：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?system?set?standby_file_management=MANUAL;

清理standby log：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?4;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?5;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?6;
alter?database?clear?logfile?group?7;

修改standby log路徑：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo04.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo04.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo05.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo05.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo06.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo06.log';
alter?database?rename?file?'/oradata/ORCL/standby_redo07.log'?to?'/oradata/ORCL_STBY/standby_redo07.log';

修改完后打開備庫文件自動管理：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?system?set?standby_file_management=AUTO;

c.主庫切日志，備庫開啟日志應用

檢查主備scn是否一致：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
col?HXFNM?for?a100
set?line222
select?HXFIL?File_num,substr(HXFNM,1,40)?HXFNM,fhscn?from?x$kcvfh;

主庫切幾次歸檔：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
ALTER?SYSTEM?ARCHIVE?LOG?CURRENT;
ALTER?SYSTEM?SWITCH?LOGFILE;

開啟備庫應用日志：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?database?open;
alter?pluggable?database?all?open;
ALTER?DATABASE?RECOVER?MANAGED?STANDBY?DATABASE?USING?CURRENT?LOGFILE?DISCONNECT?FROM?SESSION;

查看備庫同步是否正常：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
set?line222
col?member?for?a60
select?t1.group#,t1.thread#,t1.bytes/1024/1024,t1.status,t2.member?from?gv$standby_log?t1,gv$logfile?t2?where?t1.group#=t2.group#;

主庫插入數據：

sqlplus?test/test@pdb01
insert?into?test?values?(999);
commit;

備庫查詢是否實時同步：

sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
alter?session?set?container=pdb01;
select?*?from?test.test;
ID
----------
1
2
999

至此，18C的GAP也已修復，可以看到Oracle隨著版本升級，越來越自動化的操作，意味著運維自動化的未來。

參考文檔：

• RESTORE/Recover from Service
• Restoring and Recovering Files Over the Network（DG）
• Restoring and Recovering Files Over the Network（RMAN）
• Rolling Forward a Standby With One Command 18C

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